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## Tour
### Description
tour.description = Guided tour through Swerim's research departments
### Title
tour.name = Swerim | Virtual tour
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PULVERLACKERING
Mauris aliquet neque quis libero consequat vestibulum. Donec lacinia consequat dolor viverra sagittis.
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PROCESS 2
• Nisl nec mi sollicitudin
• Nam sed faucibus est.
• Ut eget lorem sed leo.
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SAMPLE SPLITTING
Spinning Riffler PT 100 (Retsch GmbH, Haan, Germany)
The term segregation describes the phenomen of demixing homogeneous powders (by volume, density, etc.). Powders can segregate through for example vibrations during transport and handling.
Thorough sample splitting s a prerequisite for representative powder characterization. Two spinning rifflers, a chute splitter, and a sampling lance are available for sample splitting at Swerim.
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FUNNEL FLOW
Hall Flow Test (Hall funnel - ACuPowder Inernational, LLC, NJ 07083, USA) (See SS-EN ISO 4490:2018)
50,00 g +/- 0,1 g of powder are filled in a calibrated Hall funnel of standardized dimensions, while the orifice is closed with a dry glove finger. Then, the orifice is opened and the time it takes for the powder to flow through the funnel is measured. A shorter flow time indicates a better flowability.
Gustavsson Flow Test (Hall funnel - ACuPowder Inernational, LLC, NJ 07083, USA) (See SS-EN ISO 15317:2013)
50,00 g +/- 0,1 g of powder are filled in a calibrated Gustavsson funnel of standardized dimensions, while the orifice is closed with a dry finger. Then, the orifice is opened and the time it takes for the powder to flow through the funnel is measured. A shorter flow time indicates a better flowability.
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APPARENT DENSITY
(Hall funnel - ACuPowder Inernational, LLC, NJ 07083, USA (See SS-EN ISO 3923-1:2010)
A 25 ml cup is filled until it spills by a Hall funnel which is mounted at a certain distance above the cup.
The excess powder is removed with a non-magnetic blade with as little further densification as possible.
The cup is weighed and the apparent density can be calculated by dividing the mass of the powder by its volume.
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO MACHANICAL TESTING LABS
The mechanical testing equipment at Swerim includes 12 servo hydraulic materials testing machines, three servo electric machines, a rotating bending fatigue testing machine, a contact fatigue testing rig and an ultrasonic based fatigue testing machine.
Many of the machines are equipped with either induction heaters, resistance furnaces or a cooling chamber to allow testing at a wide range of temperatures from about -50 to 1600 °C. We have also possibilities to perform testing in aggressive environment (gas, liquid) at high or varying temperatures and loads.
The testing that we carry out is often customized to customer’s needs, either testing of components in application-like environment and loading, or testing of materials to e.g., obtain material data for further FE-simulations or for quality control purposes.
The servo hydraulic machines are mostly used for various kinds of fatigue testing such as strain-controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF), strain and temperature controlled thermomechanical fatigue (TMF), force controlled high cycle fatigue testing (HCF) or various types of fracture mechanics testing.
An example of a simple component testing is gear bending fatigue tests that are carried out to study the effect of various heat treatments and/or surface treatment methods on the fatigue behavior of transmission components. Most of the testing is comparative: can the fatigue strength of gears be increased using a new type of a steel in combination of a new shot peening process compared to the current one?
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REVOLUTION POWDER
Revolution Powder Analysis (Revolution Powder Analyzer, Mercury Scientific Inc., USA)
A cup of a defined volume is filled until it spills and the excess powder is removed using a non-magnetic blade. The powder is weighed and filled in a drum with two glass lids. The drum is placed in between a light source and a camera.
The machine rotates the drum with a set speed while the camera captures the powder silhouette.
Using the camera images and the mass of the powder, image analysis is carried out and a variety of result parameters are measured and calculated.
Result parameters describe for example: The angle of the powder surface right before/after an avalanche, the energy that is set free during avalanching, the structure of the
powder surface or densities in different packing states (using a vibration setting of the drum). This device allows the measurement of a wide variety of powders – even those that don´t flow through the funnels.
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TAP DENSITY
Tap density (JV 1000, Copley Scientific, UK)
(See SS-EN ISO 3953:2011)
A certain mass of powder is filled in a graduated cylinder. The capacity of the measurement cylinder and the amount of powder is chosen depending
on the apparent density.
A tapping apparatus taps the powder in a defined manner until the powder volume does not decrease anymore. The tap density can be calculated by dividing the powder mass by the volume after tapping.
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SIEVING
The powder from the blasting process is collected and sieved in order to remove the particles that are bigger than the maximum allowed particle
size. The oversized particles can be formed from, solidified melt splashes, sintering, etc.
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BLASTING
The powder close to the built parts i sintered and needs to be removed after the PBF-EB process.
It is blasted in a closed cabinet using the same powder that was used during the build as blasting material.
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PBF-EB MACHINE
A thin and homogenous layer of metal powder is spread. A defocussed electron beam sinters the powder to prevent electrostatic repulsion of the particles (”smoke”) in the melting step. The beam selectively melts the contours (outside of the parts). The fast movement of the beam allows to have multiple melt pools at the same time. Subsequently, the hatch (inside of the parts) is melted. Depending on the process, the addition of aditional healt using a defocussed electron beam might be needed. The next layer of powder is spread and the process is repeated.
PBF-EB makes the production of parts of many crack-prone materials possible and reduces the amount of post-heat treatment needed.
A custom-made smaller build tank allows quicker process parameter development with less feedstock powder ompared to the standard build tank.
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3D-SCANNING
OM Atos Core 200 projects a point cloud onto the sample and the stereo camera setup captures the 3D-data. Possibilities are e.g. check deviation from CAD and reverse engineering of a component.
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WELCOME TO SWERIM
The metals research institute Swerim conducts needs-based industrial research and development concerning metals and their route from raw material to finished product.
We wish to strengthen industrial competitiveness by enabling improved product quality, greater resource efficiency and more sustainable manufacturing processes. Our vision is a fossil-free and circular industry.
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SWERIM
A VIRTUAL TOUR OF OUR RESEARCH DEPARTMENTS